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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Sculpture
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1992-09-02
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The artistic shaping in relief or in the
round of materials such as wood, stone,
metal, and, more recently, plastic and other
synthetics. All ancient civilizations,
including the Assyrian, Egyptian, Indian,
Chinese, and Mayan, have left examples of
sculpture. Traditional European sculpture
descends from that of Greece, Rome, and
Renaissance Italy. The indigenous tradition
of sculpture in Africa (see African art),
South America, and the Caribbean has inspired
much contemporary sculpture. In the 20th
century Alexander Calder invented the mobile,
in which the suspended components move
spontaneously with the currents of air. An
extension is the structure vivante, in which
a mechanism produces a prearranged pattern
produced by magnets, lenses, bubbles, and so
on, accompanied by sound; leading exponents
are Bury, Soto, and Takis. Another
development has been the sculpture garden;
for example, Hakore open-air museum in Japan
and the Grizedale Forest sculpture project in
the Lake District, England. Major sculptors
include: Ancient Greek Phidias, Praxiteles
Renaissance Donatello, Verrochio, della
Robbia, Michelangelo Baroque Bernini,
Falconet, Houdon, Grinling Gibbons
Neo-Classical Canova, Flaxman 20th-century
American Lipchitz, Calder, David Smith
20th-century British Epstein, Henry Moore,
Hepworth, Reg Butler, Caro 20th-century
European Arp, Gaudier-Brzeska, Rodin,
Maillol, Picasso, Mestrovic, Brancusi,
Marini, Giacometti, Gabo, and Neizvestny.